Electronic Signature Law and Legality in Finland

Electronic signatures have been recognized as legally valid in Finland since the enactment of The Act on Strong Electronic Identification and Electronic Signatures in 2009. This law established the groundwork for secure digital identification and authorized the use of eSignatures in both private and commercial transactions.

Following the introduction of the eIDAS Regulation in 2016, electronic signature rules were unified across all EU member states, giving Qualified Electronic Signatures (QES) the same legal standing as handwritten signatures.

Are eSignatures Legally Binding in Finland?

Yes. In Finland, a contract is considered legally binding when two competent parties agree—whether that agreement is written, verbal, or electronic. Handwritten signatures are not required unless specifically mandated by law.

eSignatures are fully admissible in Finnish courts, although higher levels of verification may be required depending on the nature of the agreement.

Finland’s Legal System: Civil Law with Common Law Traits

Finland primarily operates under a civil law system, which governs areas such as:

• Contracts and obligations
  
  
• Property law
  
  
• Criminal law and family law
  
  
• Succession and inheritance
  
  

However, Finland also applies common law principles in specific sectors like:

• Taxation
  
  
• Banking and finance
  
  
• Insurance and labor law
  
  

This hybrid model closely resembles those of Germany, Austria, Denmark, and Belgium, allowing for both structured codes and practical judicial flexibility.

Technology Standards and Signature Types in Finland

As part of the European Union, Finland adheres to standards established by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI). These standards govern the structure, security, and verification of electronic signatures.

Finland recognizes a tiered model of eSignatures under the eIDAS Regulation, which includes:

1. Standard Electronic Signature (SES)

• Simple formats like typed names or scanned images
  
  
• No identity verification required
  
  
• Commonly used for internal business documentation or low-risk contracts
  

2. Advanced Electronic Signature (AES)

• Securely linked to the signer
  
  
• Capable of detecting data tampering
  
  
• Used in moderate-risk transactions that require signer authentication
  

3. Qualified Electronic Signature (QES)

• Created using a Qualified Signature Creation Device (QSCD)
  
  
• Backed by a qualified certificate issued by an accredited EU Trust Service Provider
  
  
• Legally equivalent to a handwritten signature across the EU
  

Other types of electronic signatures may be presented in court, but additional evidence may be required to establish validity if they lack formal certification.

Disclaimer

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Legal requirements may vary depending on the nature of the transaction or industry. For legal guidance specific to your situation, consult a licensed attorney. Blueink disclaims all liability for decisions made based on this information to the fullest extent permitted by law.